What is HSB?

What is Harmful Sexual Behaviour?

Harmful Sexual Behaviour (HSB) refers to sexual behaviours displayed by children or young people under the age of 18 that are inappropriate or cause harm. Research shows that young people are responsible for 20–60% of harmful sexual behaviour in society (Malvaso et al., 2020; Campbell et al., 2020).

HSB can be linked to experiences of trauma, abuse, or other adverse childhood experiences. These factors can increase long‑term risks such as mental health difficulties, substance misuse, and suicide (Norman et al., 2012).

Professionals understand sexual behaviour as existing on a continuum—from developmentally expected sexual exploration to abusive or illegal behaviour. One example of this continuum is shown in Figure 1 (Hackett, 2010).

HSB support at Action or Children Therapeutic Services

We support children and young people up to age 18, as well as care leavers and young adults up to age 19 who are transitioning into adulthood. Our service is available across the UK for those who may be displaying harmful or problematic sexual behaviour.

We offer a range of specialist, evidence‑informed services, including bespoke assessments tailored to individual needs, targeted interventions to reduce risk and improve outcomes, and consultation and professional guidance for teams and partner agencies.